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Oil and gas recovery is a new technology of energy saving and environmental protection. It uses oil and gas recovery technology to recover oil and gas discharged during storage, transportation and loading and unloading, to prevent air pollution caused by oil and gas volatilization, eliminate safety hazards, and reduce economic losses by improving the utilization rate of energy, thus obtaining objective benefit return. The common methods are adsorption, condensation and membrane separation.
1. adsorption method
The separation of oil and air is realized by using the adsorption capacity of activated carbon, silica gel or active fiber on oil-gas / air mixture. Oil and gas are adsorbed on the adsorbent surface through adsorbents such as activated carbon, and then they are desorption by pressure reduction or steam desorption. The enriched oil and gas are pumped to the oil tank by vacuum pump or liquefied by other methods; while the adsorption force of adsorbents such as activated carbon to air is very small, and the exhaust gas not absorbed is discharged through exhaust pipe.
Advantages: adsorption method can achieve high treatment efficiency, low emission concentration, and can achieve a very low value.
Disadvantages: triphenyl is easy to inactivate activated carbon, and there is a secondary pollution problem after deactivation of activated carbon. The adsorption capacity of domestic activated carbon is only about 7%, and the life is not long, and it can be used for only 2 years.
2. condensation method
The heat of oil and gas is replaced by refrigeration technology, and the direct conversion of oil and gas components from gas to liquid phase is realized. Condensation is a method to recover oil and gas by using the difference of vapor pressure of hydrocarbon at different temperatures, and by cooling down some hydrocarbon vapor pressure reaches supersaturated state, and the supersaturated steam condenses to be too. Generally, the multi-stage continuous cooling method is used to reduce the temperature of oil and gas, so that it can be condensed into liquid recovery. According to the composition of volatile gas, the required recovery rate and the concentration limit of organic compounds in the tail gas finally discharged into the atmosphere, the minimum temperature of the condensate device is determined. Generally, it is realized by pre cooling, mechanical refrigeration and other steps. Precooler is a single stage cooling device. In order to reduce the energy consumption of the recovery unit, a technology of using cold volume reuse has been developed to reduce the gas problem entering the recovery device from the ambient temperature to about 4 ℃, so that most of the vapor in the gas condenses into water and is removed. The gas leaves the precooler and enters the shallow cooling stage. The gas temperature can be cooled to -30 ℃ ~-50 ℃, and nearly half of hydrocarbon can be recovered according to the requirements. The oil and gas leaving the shallow cooling can be cooled to -73 ℃ ~-110 ℃ and the temperature can be set according to different requirements and the compressor configuration can be carried out.
Advantages: simple process principle, the most objective economic benefits, can directly see the liquid recovery oil; high safety; high automation level.
Disadvantages: large investment in the early stage, high energy consumption of refrigeration, at least two condensers need to switch over, so start up the refrigeration in advance.
3. membrane separation
The special polymer membrane has the priority to hydrocarbon permeability. Under certain pressure, the oil and gas molecules pass through the polymer membrane first, while the air components are intercepted and discharged, the enriched oil and gas are transported back to the oil tank or liquefied by other methods.
Advantages: advanced technology, relatively simple process, too easy to see and recover oil products intuitively; high safety; high automation level;
Disadvantages: membrane separation device requires steady flow and stable gas.
Oil and gas recovery is a new technology of energy saving and environmental protection. It uses oil and gas recovery technology to recover oil and gas discharged during storage, transportation and loading and unloading, to prevent air pollution caused by oil and gas volatilization, eliminate safety hazards, and reduce economic losses by improving the utilization rate of energy, thus obtaining objective benefit return. The common methods are adsorption, condensation and membrane separation.
1. adsorption method
The separation of oil and air is realized by using the adsorption capacity of activated carbon, silica gel or active fiber on oil-gas / air mixture. Oil and gas are adsorbed on the adsorbent surface through adsorbents such as activated carbon, and then they are desorption by pressure reduction or steam desorption. The enriched oil and gas are pumped to the oil tank by vacuum pump or liquefied by other methods; while the adsorption force of adsorbents such as activated carbon to air is very small, and the exhaust gas not absorbed is discharged through exhaust pipe.
Advantages: adsorption method can achieve high treatment efficiency, low emission concentration, and can achieve a very low value.
Disadvantages: triphenyl is easy to inactivate activated carbon, and there is a secondary pollution problem after deactivation of activated carbon. The adsorption capacity of domestic activated carbon is only about 7%, and the life is not long, and it can be used for only 2 years.
2. condensation method
The heat of oil and gas is replaced by refrigeration technology, and the direct conversion of oil and gas components from gas to liquid phase is realized. Condensation is a method to recover oil and gas by using the difference of vapor pressure of hydrocarbon at different temperatures, and by cooling down some hydrocarbon vapor pressure reaches supersaturated state, and the supersaturated steam condenses to be too. Generally, the multi-stage continuous cooling method is used to reduce the temperature of oil and gas, so that it can be condensed into liquid recovery. According to the composition of volatile gas, the required recovery rate and the concentration limit of organic compounds in the tail gas finally discharged into the atmosphere, the minimum temperature of the condensate device is determined. Generally, it is realized by pre cooling, mechanical refrigeration and other steps. Precooler is a single stage cooling device. In order to reduce the energy consumption of the recovery unit, a technology of using cold volume reuse has been developed to reduce the gas problem entering the recovery device from the ambient temperature to about 4 ℃, so that most of the vapor in the gas condenses into water and is removed. The gas leaves the precooler and enters the shallow cooling stage. The gas temperature can be cooled to -30 ℃ ~-50 ℃, and nearly half of hydrocarbon can be recovered according to the requirements. The oil and gas leaving the shallow cooling can be cooled to -73 ℃ ~-110 ℃ and the temperature can be set according to different requirements and the compressor configuration can be carried out.
Advantages: simple process principle, the most objective economic benefits, can directly see the liquid recovery oil; high safety; high automation level.
Disadvantages: large investment in the early stage, high energy consumption of refrigeration, at least two condensers need to switch over, so start up the refrigeration in advance.
3. membrane separation
The special polymer membrane has the priority to hydrocarbon permeability. Under certain pressure, the oil and gas molecules pass through the polymer membrane first, while the air components are intercepted and discharged, the enriched oil and gas are transported back to the oil tank or liquefied by other methods.
Advantages: advanced technology, relatively simple process, too easy to see and recover oil products intuitively; high safety; high automation level;
Disadvantages: membrane separation device requires steady flow and stable gas.
